Can self-assessment and augmented feedback improve performance and learning retention in manual therapy: results from an experimental study - Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

Participants in group 1 received visual feedback (ViF), whereas participants in group 2 were asked to self-assess their performance and received visual feedback after self-assessment (S-A). For all participants, the first session began with a block of 3 familiarization trials, followed by two blocks of 6 SM trials (Block 1 session 1). During this block, participants did not receive any feedback concerning their performance. The following parameters were used for subsequent analyses (i) Preload force (N): the amount of force applied prior to the thrust, (ii) Peak force (N): the maximal force applied during the thrust, (iii) time to peak force (ms): the time needed to reach peak force, iv) Rate of force application (N/s): the ratio between peak force and time to peak force. Age, gender, year of study, as well as peak force, time to peak force and rate of force production were then compared between the 3 groups.