Clinician approaches to spinal manipulation for persistent spinal pain after lumbar surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data - Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

This was needed as there were few events per category for the variables of motion segments and provider type. This helped corroborate each investigators’ decision to classify the other SMT data items and was used to supplement the qualitative and quantitative synthesis and discussion. Data itemsPrimary outcomesLumbar-SMT: Defined for the purposes of this study as SMT using a lumbar spine contact or creating movement at lumbar segments. Individual patient data integrityData within included articles was evaluated by three co-investigators for completeness as part of the data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Synthesis methodsAll cases from included articles were synthesized within the main qualitative analysis, quantitative descriptive statistical analysis, and regression models.